Furniture Manufacturing Industry: Tsis txhob dag los ntawm Smile Curve
Tso lus
Raws li Byron Wien, tus sau ntawm Asmeskas lub vev xaib Real Clear Market, "Tuam Tshoj txoj kev tsim kho tshiab yog tsim los ntawm engineering es tsis yog kev tshawb fawb, thiab tau tsav los ntawm kev txhim kho kev ua tau zoo rau cov neeg siv khoom." Nws muaj qee qhov tseeb hauv nws cov lus, tab sis nws tsis meej. Qhov nws hais txog "kev tshawb fawb" yuav hais txog kev tshawb fawb yooj yim. Yog tias Tuam Tshoj tsis quav ntsej txog kev tshawb fawb, nws yuav tsum piav qhia li cas tias kev tshawb fawb quantum tau coj lub ntiaj teb nyob rau xyoo tas los no.
Tuam Tshoj yog ib lub teb chaws loj heev uas ib txhij txhim kho siab, nruab nrab, thiab qis tshuab, uas kuj tsis tshua muaj nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Tab sis cov no tsis yog cov teeb meem uas kuv xav tham tam sim no, Kuv xav tham txog cov teeb meem ntawm kev tsim khoom ntawm kev lag luam ib txwm muaj xws li kev lag luam rooj tog. Tab sis vim li cas kuv thiaj hais Byron thaum pib? Vim nws tau thov ob lo lus tseem ceeb: engineering thiab tsom cov neeg siv khoom.
Cov engineering hais los ntawm Byron yuav tsum yog Industrial Engineering (IE). Qee cov neeg hais tias kev lag luam engineering yog "lub hauv paus ntawm kev lag luam", tsis hais txog kev txhim kho tom qab ntawm ntshiv kev tsim khoom, Toyota Production System (TPS), 6 Sigma, Theory of Constraints (TOC), 5C ... thiab lwm yam kev lag luam 3. {3}} theories, lawv tag nrho yog tsim los ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm industrial engineering.
Kev lag luam engineering yog Kev Lag Luam 2.0, thiab nws txoj kev xav tau pib los ntawm Taylor txoj kev tswj xyuas kev tshawb fawb. Nws ntseeg tau hais tias nyob rau hauv kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev lag luam engineering, cov lag luam tuaj yeem ua tiav cov nqi txo thiab kev txhim kho tseem ceeb yam tsis tas yuav muaj peev txheej tshiab.
Kev hloov pauv kev tsim khoom ib txwm muaj, suav nrog kev tsim cov rooj tog zaum, yuav tsum pib nrog Industrial Engineering (Industry 2.0) thiab tom qab ntawd txav mus rau Kev Lag Luam 3.0 xws li Lean Management. Muaj pes tsawg lub tuam txhab tau siv Industrial Engineering Industry 2.0 thiab tab tom hais txog Kev Lag Luam 4.0.
Tej zaum ntau tus neeg tseem tsis tau paub txog qhov kev lag luam engineering yog dab tsi. Yog li ntawd, thaum lub cev tsim kev lag luam loj hlob mus rau qhov kev lag luam ntau dhau thiab kev sib tw ua lag luam hnyav, cov neeg no yuav "tso tawm tswv yim", tso tseg kev tsim khoom, tig mus rau qhov yooj yim kom tau nyiaj hauv vaj tse, lossis qiv ntawm cov paj laum siab. Cov neeg uas tsis koom nrog cov khoom no thiab xav "txhim kho" lawv cov kev txawj ntse yuav tsum tsom mus rau ob qhov kawg ntawm lub ntsej muag luag ntxhi: kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim kho lossis kev tsim khoom lag luam.
Qhov no yog lub npe nrov Smile Curve txoj kev xav, uas ntseeg tias R & D thiab cov khoom lag luam ntxiv tus nqi ntawm ob sab ntawm nkhaus yog siab, thiab muaj cov txiaj ntsig loj; Qhov nruab nrab arc hauv qab ntawm qhov nkhaus yog rau kev ua thiab kev tsim khoom, uas muaj tus nqi qis ntxiv thiab cov txiaj ntsig meager.
Qhov no tau thov los ntawm Shi Zhenrong los ntawm Taiwan xyoo 1992, thiab txhua tus neeg ntseeg nws, yog li ntawd lawv txhua tus tau ploj mus. Raws li kev taw qhia ntawm lub tswv yim no, kev hloov pauv thiab hloov kho cov kev taw qhia ntawm Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam kev lag luam hais txog kev nthuav dav mus rau qhov siab kawg ntawm cov nqi saw thiab coj txoj hauv kev ntawm kev tsim khoom lag luam.
Vim li cas ob tus neeg ua lag luam hauv Asia muaj kev txiav txim siab tsis sib haum? Tej zaum nws yuav yog tias qib kev tsim khoom thiab kev tswj hwm hauv Taiwan thiab Nyij Pooj sib txawv. Hmoov tsis zoo, feem ntau cov neeg ua lag luam hauv Suav teb tau ntseeg hauv kev luag nyav nkhaus.
Tshaj li 20-30 xyoo dhau los, Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam tsim khoom tau yooj yim tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov nyiaj tau los ntawm cov pej xeem, cov nyiaj faib tawm txawv teb chaws, cov nyiaj faib nyiaj thoob ntiaj teb, thiab kev nqis peev uas ua rau cov qauv kev loj hlob. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev lag luam xws li vaj tse thiab nyiaj txiag muaj kev vam meej, ua kom yooj yim kom tau nyiaj, yog li nws tsis tas yuav siv zog ntau dhau rau kev tswj hwm. Kev tswj hwm nruj ntawm cov neeg Nyij Pooj uas siv zog ua kom zoo tshaj plaws yog ntau dua li kev tsim khoom thiab kev ua neej nyob ntawm ascetics rau cov neeg ua lag luam Suav. Leej twg yuav kam ua li ntawd?
Yog li ntawd, thaum lub ntiaj teb cov chaw lag luam nyob hauv Europe thiab Amelikas, lawv tsim txoj kev tswj hwm ntawm Industrial Engineering (IE). Thaum lub chaw muaj kev lag luam nyob hauv Nyij Pooj, Japanese tsim Lean Management, lossis Toyota Management System (TPS). Lub hauv paus ntawm kev lag luam hauv ntiaj teb tau hloov mus rau Tuam Tshoj hauv 30 xyoo dhau los, tab sis cov neeg Suav tsis muaj kev tswj hwm tshiab, cia nyob ib leeg lawv tus kheej kev tswj hwm lub tswv yim.
Kev lag luam kev lag luam hauv Suav teb tau tsis meej pem los ntawm kev luag nyav nkhaus, thiab qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb yog tias qib kev tswj hwm tsis zoo. Peb tsis tshua siv cov kev tswj hwm kev lag luam uas paub tab xws li IE, TPS, thiab 6 Sigma. Yog li ntawd, nws tuaj yeem hais tau tias cov nyiaj tau los uas kev lag luam tsim khoom yuav tsum tsis tau raug khawb los yog xav txog, uas yog vim li cas nws nyob hauv qab ntawm qhov nkhaus.
Yog tias Byron Wayne qhov kev soj ntsuam tsis ntev los no ntawm Tuam Tshoj tau tsom mus rau kev tsim khoom ib txwm muaj, ces cov neeg Suav tam sim no nyob rau ntawm txoj kev yog - kev tsim kho tshiab yog ua raws li engineering. Kuv vam tias cov neeg Suav tuaj yeem pib los ntawm Kev Lag Luam 2.0. Nws lwm qhov kev soj ntsuam yog tias cov neeg siv khoom raug tsom. Nws tau hais tias qhov no yog txoj hauv kev hauv Is Taws Nem ntxiv + kev tsim khoom siv zog los ntawm cov neeg siv khoom thiab kev tsim khoom los ntawm kev ncig.
Cov neeg uas koom nrog hauv Is Taws Nem ib txwm xav tias tsuas yog lawv ua raws li cov neeg siv khoom → kev ncig → kev tsim khoom, thiab tsuas yog lawv coj cov neeg siv khoom los yuam kev tsim khoom. Qhov tseeb, qhov no yog vim cov neeg koom nrog hauv Is Taws Nem tsis nkag siab txog cov kev xav ntawm kev tswj hwm kev lag luam, uas yog ua kom tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm cov neeg siv khoom (nrog rau cov khoom thiab cov kev pabcuam). Yog li ntawd, kev tswj hwm kev lag luam muaj cov txheej txheem ua tiav: ua ntej ua lag luam kev tshawb fawb - koom tes nrog cov neeg ua lag luam nrog cov neeg ua haujlwm tsim khoom - tsim thiab tsim cov qauv - kev tshuaj xyuas tus nqi - kev tshuaj xyuas kev lag luam - kho cov khoom - kho cov khoom siv thiab cov kab ntau lawm - kev tsim khoom loj - kev lag luam, thiab lwm yam. .
Tau kawg, los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kev lag luam, koj tuaj yeem paub cov khoom lag luam twg muag zoo thiab qhov twg tsis yog, uas tuaj yeem siv los khaws cov ntim ntau lawm. Tam sim no ntau tus neeg hauv Is Taws Nem, feem ntau yog engineers, tsis paub txog cov khoom, tab sis tsuas yog paub txog Internet thiab hluav taws xob technology. Ntawm lub rooj sib tham, ib tus kws tshaj lij hauv cheeb tsam no xav tsis thoob tsis paub txog cov teeb meem kev thauj mus los ntawm cov rooj tog zaum, nrog rau cov teeb meem hauv kev teeb tsa cov khoom thiab kev pab cuam tom qab muag.
Lawv tsis tuaj yeem nkag siab tias qhov kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov rooj tog zaum siab npaum li cas hauv cov txheej txheem thauj khoom hnyav, thiab tib lub sijhawm, cov rooj tog zaum feem ntau tsis tuaj yeem xa ncaj qha rau cov neeg siv khoom tom qab tawm hauv lub Hoobkas, xav tau cov neeg tsim khoom tsim nyog thiab cov kev pabcuam tom qab muag tom qab.
Lub khw muag khoom hauv Internet ntawm rooj tog kev lag luam muaj tsawg heev uas nws tsuas tuaj yeem ua qee yam khoom qis thiab yooj yim. Tsis zoo li lwm cov kev lag luam, xws li cov phau ntawv, cov khw muag khoom hauv Internet tau tshaj 50%. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, tsis muaj leej twg yuav mus xyuas cov khw muag ntawv, thiab kev lag luam khaub ncaws kuj tseem yuav tshaj 30%.
Dab tsi Byron Wynn tau hais tias cov neeg siv khoom yog cov khoom, uas tseem yog cov lus ntawm kev tswj hwm kev lag luam ib txwm muaj. Cov lus hauv Is Taws Nem yuav yog C2M, thiab cov neeg siv khoom tsav cov neeg tsim khoom. Yog li tam sim no qee tus neeg tawm tswv yim txoj hauv kev ntawm kev hloov pauv kev tsim khoom, uas yog muab cov kev pabcuam saw hlau, hloov los ntawm kev tsim khoom yooj yim mus rau "kev sib koom tes saw khoom". Dab tsi yog kev sib txuas ntawm cov khoom siv sib txuas? Nws txhais tau hais tias cov neeg tsim khoom tuaj yeem hloov lawv cov kev tsim khoom raws li kev hloov pauv ntawm cov neeg siv khoom xav tau los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv loj, thiab tsis tuaj yeem ua raws li kev txiav txim raws li kev tsim khoom.
Yog li ntawd, cov tuam txhab lag luam yuav tsum ua tiav kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov neeg siv khoom lossis cov ntaub ntawv xa tawm, ERP, thiab MES systems.
--ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning): Kev npaj txheej txheem ntawm kev lag luam uas tsim cov kev txiav txim ua haujlwm ntau lawm;
--MES (Manufacturing Execution System): taug qab thiab sau cov txheej txheem ua tiav ntawm kev txiav txim ua haujlwm, txhim kho thiab tswj tag nrho cov txheej txheem tsim khoom los ntawm kev txiav txim tawm mus rau cov khoom tiav los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv xa mus;
--CRM (Kev Tswj Xyuas Cov Neeg Siv Khoom): Cov lag luam txuas nrog cov neeg siv khoom (C2B) lossis cov neeg xa khoom (B2B) kom tau txais cov ntaub ntawv xaj raws sijhawm, thov cov ntaub ntawv kwv yees, thiab lwm yam.
Txhawm rau kom ua tiav qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov khoom siv sib koom ua ke, ob qho tib si khoom siv thiab kev xav tau yuav tsum ua tiav:
1. Tus neeg muab khoom (tsim khoom): Muaj peev xwm hloov cov kab ntau lawm ntawm cov khoom loj lossis cov khoom me me ntawm qhov xav tau, thaum tswj xyuas qhov zoo ib yam, lub sijhawm xa khoom, thiab tus nqi. Puas muaj kev lag luam tsim khoom lag luam xws li rooj tog ua tiav qhov hu ua "kev tsim khoom yooj yim"? Kuv xav tias peb tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav "me me, nrawm" (cov khoom me me, ntau pawg, ntau lawm ceev) uas tsis hloov tau tiag tiag.
2. Kev thov sab (cov neeg siv khoom, cov neeg xa khoom): Tej zaum cov ntaub ntawv xaj tuaj yeem muab tau raws sijhawm, tab sis feem ntau tsis tuaj yeem muab cov ntaub ntawv kwv yees. Lub sijhawm hu ua "sijhawm" yog hais txog lub sijhawm, txawm tias nws yog txhua hnub, txhua lub limtiam, lossis txhua hli. Yog tias lub sijhawm muab sijhawm luv luv, cov chaw tsim khoom puas tuaj yeem kho cov phiaj xwm tsim khoom raws sijhawm? Yog tias ob qho ntawm cov khoom no tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav, tom qab ntawd cov khoom muag khoom yuav nyob rau hauv lub siab ntawm tus neeg muag khoom lossis qhov xav tau sab.
Rau cov lag luam ib txwm muaj, nws yog qhov zoo dua los rov qab mus rau kev tswj hwm kev lag luam ib txwm muaj. Lawv xav siv "kev hloov pauv kev lag luam thev naus laus zis" kom dhau ntawm qhov nkhaus, hla IE, TPS thiab lwm yam Kev Lag Luam 2.0 thiab 3.0, thiab nkag mus rau Kev Lag Luam 4.0 tag nrho ib zaug. Txog tam sim no, peb tsis tau pom muaj xwm txheej tiag. Overtaking ntawm ib tug khoov yuav ua rau overturning.
